{"id":14223,"date":"2020-06-01T04:48:37","date_gmt":"2020-06-01T01:48:37","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hasnlz.com\/?p=14223"},"modified":"2020-07-01T04:15:52","modified_gmt":"2020-07-01T01:15:52","slug":"social-protection-and-safety-nets-in-iraq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/hasnlz.com\/?p=14223","title":{"rendered":"Social Protection and Safety Nets in Iraq"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\/ 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\u0627\u0644\u0622\u0644\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u064a\u0644\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0648\u0628\u062e\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u062a\u0644\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u062a\u0639\u0644\u0642 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u064a\u0636\u0645 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u0635\u0648\u0644\u060c \u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0647\u062c\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0641\u064a\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0648\u064a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0639\u0631\u0636\u0627 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e\u064a\u0627 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u062a\u064a\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0645\u0643\u0648\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0636\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0626\u0645\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0642\u062a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0645\u0631\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0647\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0637\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u064a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633 \u0644\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0645\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u062c\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u0632\u062d\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0648\u0623\u062f\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0647\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0639\u0644\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u062f\u0633 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0648\u0644 \u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0633\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0643\u0627\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0645\u0633\u00a0 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0642\u0627\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0627\u0626\u0631\u064a\u0629. \u0623\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0639 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0635\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062e\u0631\u062c\u062a \u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\"><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Social Protection and Safety Nets in Iraq<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Social protection is a component of socioeconomic development that is founded on principles of human rights, and the inherent right of humans to live a decent, prosperous life that is free from deprivation, marginalization and exclusion. Social protection programs are designed to cope with the risks that endanger the lives and wellbeing of individuals (and societies). This is achieved through promoting solidarity and, in turn, social and economic security.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Social protection includes a wide range of programs and tools that are interconnected by the public sector and\/or the private sector. They provide cash transfers and sources of income for the poor and vulnerable groups in society. Historically, social protection programs and policies were linked to a set of procedures that were adopted by the developed countries in order to protect individuals from falling into the clutches of poverty and deprivation. These procedures typically included: labour laws and worker protection, subsidies, grants and compensation for workers and the unemployed. However, since the fourth quarter of the last century, new trends have expanded on the concept of social protection, social security, and social safety nets in an attempt to deal with the social and economic repercussions of economic reform.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">The Iraqi state took an interest in providing humanitarian aid, insurance, and security to vulnerable social categories and issued a number of laws aimed at protecting them, especially those who were working in its organisations and institutions. The state was also keen on the horizontal and vertical expansion of the system, by expanding the categories covered by social protection and inclusion of a greater number of risks covered by protection and social security systems.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">Attempts were made to expand the scope of protection for workers in the private sector, in addition to the establishment of a greater number of welfare centres. Also, trade unions established their own social security funds for their members.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">As part of the framework of a cooperation agreement between the Office of the World Food Program Regional in Cairo (WFP OMC) and the Centre for Social Protection (CSP) at the Institute of Development Studies (IDS), this report comes within a series of reports on social protection in countries of North Africa and the Middle East. The report focuses on linkages between social protection and food security. It is expected to contribute to the development of WFP\u2019s social protection strategy for the region.<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">This report aims to:<br \/>\n\u2022 Introduce the reality of social protection and social safety nets in Iraq.<br \/>\n\u2022 Analyse the structure of formal and informal safety nets, and evaluate their role and their ability to provide social protection.<br \/>\n\u2022 Analyse the factors that obstruct the development and operation of social safety nets.<br \/>\n\u2022 Provide observations on the reality of social protection institutions, their achievements, and the challenges they face.<br \/>\n\u2022 Propose mechanisms for reform and in particular those relating to targeting (beneficiary groups)<\/p>\n<p style=\"direction: ltr;\">This report includes seven chapters, the first of which has presented an introduction to the study objectives and methodology. Chapter two deals with the national context and provides an historical and economic background in Iraq since 1921, in addition to the exposure to the demographic and political contexts that influence economic and social policies in the country.<br \/>\nThe third chapter focuses on governmental and non-governmental institutional arrangements and their essential components. The fourth chapter deals with social protection programs and social safety net programs, both permanent and temporary, and presents the developments they went through in preparation for implementing these programs.<br \/>\nChapter 5 focuses on social protection programs and social safety nets that target refugees and displaced people, and roles of the actors involved in this level of protection. The sixth chapter addresses the informal safety nets, and focuses on systems such as the Islamic Zakat and Awqaf and five tribal systems. The seventh and last chapter includes a summary, conclusions and the recommendations that emerged from the study.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0634\u0628\u0643\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0627\/ \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0627 \u064a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0626 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0648\u062d\u0642\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0635\u064a\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u064a\u0634 \u062d\u064a\u0627\u0629 \u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u064a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0634 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0642\u0635\u0627\u0621. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0647\u0648 \u064a\u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0641\u0644 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0636\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f. \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0641\u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0627\u064a\u0629 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":5,"featured_media":14248,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-14223","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-7"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.4 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Social Protection and Safety Nets in Iraq - \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0643\u062a\u0648\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0644\u0637\u064a\u0641 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/hasnlz.com\/?p=14223\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ar_AR\" \/>\n<meta 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